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| الإختراق الصيني للقارة الإفريقية بعد نهاية الحرب الباردة |
الإختراق الصيني للقارة الإفريقية بعد نهاية الحرب الباردة (تحميل كتاب مجاني 2020 بصيغة pdf)
أ. محمد الصالح جمال
بنهاية "اﻟﺤرب اﻟﺒﺎردة" وﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤن ﺘﻐﻴﻴر ﻓﻲ ﻤوازﻴن اﻟﻘوى ﻀﻤن ﺴﻴﺎق اﻟﻨظﺎم اﻟدوﻟﻲ، ظﻬر ﻗطب ﺠدﻴد ﺘﻤﺜﻝ ﻓﻲ "اﻟﺼﻴن"، ﻫذﻩ اﻷﺨﻴرة أﺒﺎﻨت ﻋن ﺘوﺠﻬﺎﺘها اﻟﻤﺘ ازﻴدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ، وﺘﻌﺘﺒر ﻗﺎرة "إﻓرﻴﻘﻴﺎ" ﻀﻤن ﻤﻨﺎطق اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻲ، ﺤﻴث أﺼﺒﺤت ﺘﺘﺤرك اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻴﺎ وﺘؤﺜر ﻓﻲ دوﻝ اﻟﻘﺎرة، وﻫذا إﻟﻰ إﺴﺘ ارﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻠﻨﺔ وﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤدد أﻫداف اﻟﺼﻴن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤدى اﻟﺒﻌﻴد. ﻓﺎﻟﺼﻴن أﺼﺒﺤت ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ، اﻨطﻼﻗﺎ ﻤن “اﻟﻤؤﺸ ارت اﻟﻤﻌﺠزة” اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻴن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘود اﻷﺨﻴرة ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﻷﻤر اﻟذي أدى إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤدﻴث ﻋن” اﻟطموح اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻲ ” ﻓﻲ إﻓرﻴﻘﻴﺎ، ” ﻓﺎﻟﻌﻤﻼق اﻟﻨﺎﺌم ” اﺴﺘطﺎع ﺘﺒّوء ﻤﻛﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎرزة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎرة اﻟﺴﻤ ارء، وﻨﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻠق ﺘﻬدﻴد ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻔوذ اﻷورﺒﻲ (اﻟﻔرﻨﺴﻲ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ و اﻷﻤرﻴﻛﻲ)، ﻛﻤﺎ أن اﻟﺼﻴن ﺘﻤﻛﻨت ﻤن اﻟﺘﺄﺴﻴس ﻟوزن اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺤﺔ اﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻹﻓرﻴﻘﻴﺔ.
Abstract :
After the end of cold war, China knew an expeditious progress of its economic and military capacities, through the percentages of growth that are between 7 and 10%.
Every year, adding its ordering to the first ranks to the international level in the domain of the industrialization and the export of the weapons, whereas the changes occurred in a world according to cold war, China met forced to determine its status in the world politics, therefore it opted for the African continent to be its flight toward the realization of its strategic interest of a quoted, and the funding of its dominance of another quoted. Indeed, for the realization of these goals mentioned, China intends on economic, military, diplomatic and cultural instruments to make succeed its strategy in Africa.
In the last years, China looks to Africa as a fundamental source for the promotion of the” energy security “, and that it is an opened market for its products, so that China aims to “seduce” the African governments to assure supplementary votes in the level of the international organizations, what could reinforce the status and the diplomatic weight of China in the international system, as well as China works to every to wall up Taiwan and to make isolate it from Africa by the persuasion of the African States to not to establish any diplomatic relations with it (Taiwan), or to boycott it, while activating the ” One China Policy “. Besides, the nature of the Chinese strategy appears through the positive repercussions to the profit of Africa as the provision of new opportunities to acquire financial incomes thanks to the capital direct of China in Africa, and, the no-conditional financial helps, in counterpart, the Chinese penetration caused negative repercussions in the continent, notably the support of Pekin for corrupt African regimes, or of the States classified like” rogue “, provoking the rise of the feelings of hostility and aggression opposite the Chinese Diaspora complicates in Africa, while accusing it of demolishing the local market of works, and to carry several workers out of work, and to drag the bankruptcy of the textiles factories.
In view of the emergent Chinese power in Africa, several scripts are built around the future of China in the continent, while mentioning like example the script of the continuity of the rise of the Chinese power in Africa, and the receding of France and the United States, the second script foresees the doubling of the tripartite cooperation between Europe, the United States of America and China in Africa, and in another script, it would be likely that a direct conflict occurs between the three parts on African energy resources, whereas the last script supposes that are the more meadows to materialize, concern the American.